Up to 85% of people with depression experience relapse during treatment.
However, a new clinical study has found that at-home brain stimulation therapy helped 75% of patients stay depression-free over six months, solving a major gap in mental health care.
The international PSYLECT study – published in the Journal of Affective Disorders – tracked the long-term effects of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) therapy combined with online behavioural support.
The findings revealed that non-drug, at-home treatment could help many patients maintain recovery from depression over time.
In the study, participants who had completed their initial depression treatment had to use at-home brain stimulation twice a week for six months.
Researchers monitored their progress to see whether the therapy could prevent relapse without ongoing clinical support. By the end of the follow-up period, only six of the 71 patients experienced a return of depressive symptoms, while 11 discontinued treatment.
According to the study, at-home and remotely supervised tDCS therapy can be an effective and scalable option.
It achieves results comparable to in-clinic treatment, but can increase access and lower costs, as it doesn’t require clinic visits to receive therapy sessions.
Flow Neuroscience’s medical device, which was used in the study, is CE-certified and has regulatory approval for depression treatment in the UK, EU, Australia, Switzerland, Hong Kong, and other countries.
It is backed by both clinical studies and real-world data of over 50,000 users.
By delivering gentle electrical currents to the brain, the headset regulates activity in the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain involved in mood regulation and stress response. It is often underactive in people with depression.
“Home-based brain stimulation bridges a major treatment gap, helping patients sustain long-term recovery after antidepressants or psychotherapy,” said Erin Lee, CEO of Flow Neuroscience, the company behind the tDCS device used in the study.
“Many people struggle to pay for visits or travelling to the clinic or simply are too busy to attend several sessions a week. This is when at-home therapy comes to the rescue.”
Erin Lee added that at-home tDCS-based relapse prevention can be cost-effective for clinics, too, as it reduces waiting times and frees up clinicians.
For patients, another benefit of at-home treatment is high adherence.
“Many people with a history of depression might find it easier to stick to home-based therapy, as it’s less effort compared to regular in-clinic visits,” noted Dr. Kultar Singh Garcha, a GP and Medical Director at Flow Neuroscience.
“Even months into treatment, many patients still feel physically and emotionally exhausted, so lowering the effort can help them keep going.”
Beyond accessibility and scalability, researchers found at-home brain stimulation to be safe and well-tolerated, with minimal side effects like scalp itching or headaches. By the end of the study, 40% of participants reported no adverse events at all.
The study was led by the University of São Paulo Medical School and conducted in collaboration with the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany, as well as the University of Ghent, Belgium, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital.
“For decades, relapse has been one of the biggest challenges in depression treatment, but this is finally changing now,” said Erin Lee. “We are certain that with home-based brain stimulation therapy, effective and non-drug relapse prevention will become a new mental health care standard.”
